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* icmp: Obtain destination addresses from the flowsidesDavid Gibson2024-07-191-1/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | icmp_sock_handler() obtains the guest address from it's most recently observed IP. However, this can now be obtained from the common flowside information. icmp_tap_handler() builds its socket address for sendto() directly from the destination address supplied by the incoming tap packet. This can instead be generated from the flow. Using the flowsides as the common source of truth here prepares us for allowing more flexible NAT and forwarding by properly initialising that flowside information. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* tap: refactor packets handling functionsLaurent Vivier2024-06-131-0/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Consolidate pool_tap4() and pool_tap6() into tap_flush_pools(), and tap4_handler() and tap6_handler() into tap_handler(). Create a generic tap_add_packet() to consolidate packet addition logic and reduce code duplication. The purpose is to ease the export of these functions to use them with the vhost-user backend. Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <lvivier@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* conf, passt, tap: Open socket and PID files before switching UID/GIDStefano Brivio2024-05-231-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | Otherwise, if the user runs us as root, and gives us paths that are only accessible by root, we'll fail to open them, which might in turn encourage users to change permissions or ownerships: definitely a bad idea in terms of security. Reported-by: Minxi Hou <mhou@redhat.com> Reported-by: Richard W.M. Jones <rjones@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com> Acked-by: Richard W.M. Jones <rjones@redhat.com>
* udp: Split tap-bound UDP packets into multiple buffers using io vectorDavid Gibson2024-05-021-38/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When sending to the tap device, currently we assemble the headers and payload into a single contiguous buffer. Those are described by a single struct iovec, then a batch of frames is sent to the device with tap_send_frames(). In order to better integrate the IPv4 and IPv6 paths, we want the IP header in a different buffer that might not be contiguous with the payload. To prepare for that, split the UDP packet into an iovec of buffers. We use the same split that Laurent recently introduced for TCP for convenience. This removes the last use of tap_hdr_len_(), tap_frame_base() and tap_frame_len(), so remove those too. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* tap, tcp: (Re-)abstract TAP specific header handlingDavid Gibson2024-05-021-0/+27
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Recent changes to the TCP code (reworking of the buffer handling) have meant that it now (again) deals explicitly with the MODE_PASST specific vnet_len field, instead of using the (partial) abstractions provided by the tap layer. The abstractions we had don't work for the new TCP structure, so make some new ones that do: tap_hdr_iov() which constructs an iovec suitable for containing (just) the TAP specific header and tap_hdr_update() which updates it as necessary per-packet. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* treewide: Standardise variable names for various packet lengthsDavid Gibson2024-05-021-9/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | At various points we need to track the lengths of a packet including or excluding various different sets of headers. We don't always use the same variable names for doing so. Worse in some places we use the same name for different things: e.g. tcp_fill_headers[46]() use ip_len for the length including the IP headers, but then tcp_send_flag() which calls it uses it to mean the IP payload length only. To improve clarity, standardise on these names: dlen: L4 protocol payload length ("data length") l4len: plen + length of L4 protocol header l3len: l4len + length of IPv4/IPv6 header l2len: l3len + length of L2 (ethernet) header Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* tap: Split tap specific and L2 (ethernet) headersDavid Gibson2024-05-021-12/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | In some places (well, actually only UDP now) we use struct tap_hdr to represent both tap backend specific and L2 ethernet headers. Handling these together seemed like a good idea at the time, but Laurent's changes in the TCP code working towards vhost-user support suggest that treating them separately is more useful, more often. Alter struct tap_hdr to represent only the TAP backend specific headers. Updated related helpers and the UDP code to match. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* tap: Rename tap_iov_{base,len}David Gibson2024-03-141-7/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | These two functions are typically used to calculate values to go into the iov_base and iov_len fields of a struct iovec. They don't have to be used for that, though. Rename them in terms of what they actually do: calculate the base address and total length of the complete frame, including both L2 and tap specific headers. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* tap: Implement tap_send() "slow path" in terms of fast pathDavid Gibson2024-03-141-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Most times we send frames to the guest it goes via tap_send_frames(). However "slow path" protocols - ARP, ICMP, ICMPv6, DHCP and DHCPv6 - go via tap_send(). As well as being a semantic duplication, tap_send() contains at least one serious problem: it doesn't properly handle short sends, which can be fatal on the qemu socket connection, since frame boundaries will get out of sync. Rewrite tap_send() to call tap_send_frames(). While we're there, rename it tap_send_single() for clarity. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* tap: Extend tap_send_frames() to allow multi-buffer framesDavid Gibson2024-03-141-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | tap_send_frames() takes a vector of buffers and requires exactly one frame per buffer. We have future plans where we want to have multiple buffers per frame in some circumstances, so extend tap_send_frames() to take the number of buffers per frame as a parameter. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> [sbrivio: Improve comment to rembufs calculation] Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* tap: make tap_update_mac() genericLaurent Vivier2024-03-061-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | Use ethhdr rather than tap_hdr. Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <lvivier@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Message-ID: <20240303135114.1023026-9-lvivier@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* tcp, tap: Don't increase tap-side sequence counter for dropped framesStefano Brivio2023-10-041-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ...so that we'll retry sending them, instead of more-or-less silently dropping them. This happens quite frequently if our sending buffer on the UNIX domain socket is heavily constrained (for instance, by the 208 KiB default memory limit). It might be argued that dropping frames is part of the expected TCP flow: we don't dequeue those from the socket anyway, so we'll eventually retransmit them. But we don't need the receiver to tell us (by the way of duplicate or missing ACKs) that we couldn't send them: we already know as sendmsg() reports that. This seems to considerably increase throughput stability and throughput itself for TCP connections with default wmem_max values. Unfortunately, the 16 bits left as padding in the frame descriptors we use internally aren't enough to uniquely identify for which connection we should update sequence numbers: create a parallel array of pointers to sequence numbers and L4 lengths, of TCP_FRAMES_MEM size, and go through it after calling sendmsg(). Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
* cppcheck: Make many pointers constDavid Gibson2023-10-041-3/+3
| | | | | | | | | Newer versions of cppcheck (as of 2.12.0, at least) added a warning for pointers which could be declared to point at const data, but aren't. Based on that, make many pointers throughout the codebase const. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* epoll: Use different epoll types for passt and pasta tap fdsDavid Gibson2023-08-131-1/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | Currently we have a single epoll event type for the "tap" fd, which could be either a handle on a /dev/net/tun device (pasta) or a connected Unix socket (passt). However for the two modes we call different handler functions. Simplify this a little by using different epoll types and dispatching directly to the correct handler function. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* epoll: Split listening Unix domain socket into its own typeDavid Gibson2023-08-131-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | tap_handler() actually handles events on three different types of object: the /dev/tap character device (pasta), a connected Unix domain socket (passt) or a listening Unix domain socket (passt). The last, in particular, really has no handling in common with the others, so split it into its own epoll type and directly dispatch to the relevant handler from the top level. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* passt: Relicense to GPL 2.0, or any later versionStefano Brivio2023-04-061-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In practical terms, passt doesn't benefit from the additional protection offered by the AGPL over the GPL, because it's not suitable to be executed over a computer network. Further, restricting the distribution under the version 3 of the GPL wouldn't provide any practical advantage either, as long as the passt codebase is concerned, and might cause unnecessary compatibility dilemmas. Change licensing terms to the GNU General Public License Version 2, or any later version, with written permission from all current and past contributors, namely: myself, David Gibson, Laine Stump, Andrea Bolognani, Paul Holzinger, Richard W.M. Jones, Chris Kuhn, Florian Weimer, Giuseppe Scrivano, Stefan Hajnoczi, and Vasiliy Ulyanov. Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* tap: Use different io vector bases depending on tap typeDavid Gibson2023-01-231-2/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Currently tap_send_frames() expects the frames it is given to include the vnet_len field, even in pasta mode which doesn't use it (although it need not be initialized in that case). To match, tap_iov_base() and tap_iov_len() construct the frame in that way. This will inconvenience future changes, so alter things to set the buffers to include just the frame needed by the tap backend type. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* tap: Add "tap headers" abstractionDavid Gibson2023-01-231-0/+51
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Currently both the TCP and UDP code need to deal in various places with the details of the L2 headers, and also the tap-specific "vnet_len" header. This makes abstracting the tap interface to new backends (e.g. vhost-user or tun) more difficult. To improve this abstraction, create a new 'tap_hdr' structure which represents both L2 (always Ethernet at the moment, but might be vary in future) and any additional tap specific headers (such as the qemu socket's vnet_len field). Provide helper functions and macros to initialize, update and use it. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* tap, tcp: Move tap send path to tap.cDavid Gibson2023-01-231-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | The functions which do the final steps of sending TCP packets on through the tap interface - tcp_l2_buf_flush*() - no longer have anything that's actually specific to TCP in them, other than comments and names. Move them all to tap.c. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* Use typing to reduce chances of IPv4 endianness errorsDavid Gibson2022-11-041-4/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | We recently corrected some errors handling the endianness of IPv4 addresses. These are very easy errors to make since although we mostly store them in network endianness, we sometimes need to manipulate them in host endianness. To reduce the chances of making such mistakes again, change to always using a (struct in_addr) instead of a bare in_addr_t or uint32_t to store network endian addresses. This makes it harder to accidentally do arithmetic or comparisons on such addresses as if they were host endian. We introduce a number of IN4_IS_ADDR_*() helpers to make it easier to directly work with struct in_addr values. This has the additional benefit of making the IPv4 and IPv6 paths more visually similar. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* tap: Split tap_ip4_send() into UDP and ICMP variantsDavid Gibson2022-10-191-2/+5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tap_ip4_send() has special case logic to compute the checksums for UDP and ICMP packets, which is a mild layering violation. By using a suitable helper we can split it into tap_udp4_send() and tap_icmp4_send() functions without greatly increasing the code size, this removing that layering violation. We make some small changes to the interface while there. In both cases we make the destination IPv4 address a parameter, which will be useful later. For the UDP variant we make it take just the UDP payload, and it will generate the UDP header. For the ICMP variant we pass in the ICMP header as before. The inconsistency is because that's what seems to be the more natural way to invoke the function in the callers in each case. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* tap: Split tap_ip6_send() into UDP and ICMP variantsDavid Gibson2022-10-191-2/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tap_ip6_send() has special case logic to compute the checksums for UDP and ICMP packets, which is a mild layering violation. By using a suitable helper we can split it into tap_udp6_send() and tap_icmp6_send() functions without greatly increasing the code size, this removing that layering violation. We make some small changes to the interface while there. In both cases we make the destination IPv6 address a parameter, which will be useful later. For the UDP variant we make it take just the UDP payload, and it will generate the UDP header. For the ICMP variant we pass in the ICMP header as before. The inconsistency is because that's what seems to be the more natural way to invoke the function in the callers in each case. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* Split tap_ip_send() into IPv4 and IPv6 specific functionsDavid Gibson2022-10-191-2/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The IPv4 and IPv6 paths in tap_ip_send() have very little in common, and it turns out that every caller (statically) knows if it is using IPv4 or IPv6. So split into separate tap_ip4_send() and tap_ip6_send() functions. Use a new tap_l2_hdr() function for the very small common part. While we're there, make some minor cleanups: - We were double writing some fields in the IPv6 header, so that it temporary matched the pseudo-header for checksum calculation. With recent checksum reworks, this isn't neccessary any more. - We don't use any IPv4 header options, so use some sizeof() constructs instead of some open coded values for header length. - The comment used to say that the flow label was for TCP over IPv6, but in fact the only thing we used it for was DHCPv6 over UDP traffic Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* tap: Remove unhelpeful vnet_pre optimization from tap_send()David Gibson2022-10-191-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Callers of tap_send() can optionally use a small optimization by adding extra space for the 4 byte length header used on the qemu socket interface. tap_ip_send() is currently the only user of this, but this is used only for "slow path" ICMP and DHCP packets, so there's not a lot of value to the optimization. Worse, having the two paths here complicates the interface and makes future cleanups difficult, so just remove it. I have some plans to bring back the optimization in a more general way in future, but for now it's just in the way. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* Add helpers for normal inbound packet destination addressesDavid Gibson2022-10-191-0/+3
| | | | | | | | | | tap_ip_send() doesn't take a destination address, because it's specifically for inbound packets, and the IP addresses of the guest/namespace are already known to us. Rather than open-coding this destination address logic, make helper functions for it which will enable some later cleanups. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* treewide: Mark constant references as constStefano Brivio2022-03-291-4/+5
| | | | Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* treewide: Add include guardsStefano Brivio2022-03-291-0/+5
| | | | | | | ...at the moment, just for consistency with packet.h, icmp.h, tcp.h and udp.h. Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* passt, tap: Daemonise once socket is ready without waiting for connectionStefano Brivio2022-01-281-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | The existing behaviour is not really practical: an automated agent in charge of starting both qemu and passt would need to fork itself to start passt, because passt won't fork to background until qemu connects, and the agent needs to unblock to start qemu. Instead of waiting for a connection to daemonise, do it right away as soon as a socket is available: that can be considered an initialised state already. Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* LICENSES: Add license text files, add missing notices, fix SPDX tagsStefano Brivio2021-10-201-0/+5
| | | | | | | | | | SPDX tags don't replace license files. Some notices were missing and some tags were not according to the SPDX specification, too. Now reuse --lint from the REUSE tool (https://reuse.software/) passes. Reported-by: Martin Hauke <mardnh@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* tap: Fill the IPv6 flow label field to represent flow associationStefano Brivio2021-07-261-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | This isn't optional: TCP streams must carry a unique, hard-to-guess, non-zero label for each direction. Linux, probably among others, will otherwise refuse to associate packets in a given stream to the same connection. Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* passt: Add PASTA mode, major reworkStefano Brivio2021-07-171-1/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PASTA (Pack A Subtle Tap Abstraction) provides quasi-native host connectivity to an otherwise disconnected, unprivileged network and user namespace, similarly to slirp4netns. Given that the implementation is largely overlapping with PASST, no separate binary is built: 'pasta' (and 'passt4netns' for clarity) both link to 'passt', and the mode of operation is selected depending on how the binary is invoked. Usage example: $ unshare -rUn # echo $$ 1871759 $ ./pasta 1871759 # From another terminal # udhcpc -i pasta0 2>/dev/null # ping -c1 pasta.pizza PING pasta.pizza (64.190.62.111) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 64.190.62.111 (64.190.62.111): icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=34.6 ms --- pasta.pizza ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 34.575/34.575/34.575/0.000 ms # ping -c1 spaghetti.pizza PING spaghetti.pizza(2606:4700:3034::6815:147a (2606:4700:3034::6815:147a)) 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 2606:4700:3034::6815:147a (2606:4700:3034::6815:147a): icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=29.0 ms --- spaghetti.pizza ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 28.967/28.967/28.967/0.000 ms This entails a major rework, especially with regard to the storage of tracked connections and to the semantics of epoll(7) references. Indexing TCP and UDP bindings merely by socket proved to be inflexible and unsuitable to handle different connection flows: pasta also provides Layer-2 to Layer-2 socket mapping between init and a separate namespace for local connections, using a pair of splice() system calls for TCP, and a recvmmsg()/sendmmsg() pair for UDP local bindings. For instance, building on the previous example: # ip link set dev lo up # iperf3 -s $ iperf3 -c ::1 -Z -w 32M -l 1024k -P2 | tail -n4 [SUM] 0.00-10.00 sec 52.3 GBytes 44.9 Gbits/sec 283 sender [SUM] 0.00-10.43 sec 52.3 GBytes 43.1 Gbits/sec receiver iperf Done. epoll(7) references now include a generic part in order to demultiplex data to the relevant protocol handler, using 24 bits for the socket number, and an opaque portion reserved for usage by the single protocol handlers, in order to track sockets back to corresponding connections and bindings. A number of fixes pertaining to TCP state machine and congestion window handling are also included here. Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>
* passt: New design and implementation with native Layer 4 socketsStefano Brivio2021-02-161-0/+3
This is a reimplementation, partially building on the earlier draft, that uses L4 sockets (SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_STREAM) instead of SOCK_RAW, providing L4-L2 translation functionality without requiring any security capability. Conceptually, this follows the design presented at: https://gitlab.com/abologna/kubevirt-and-kvm/-/blob/master/Networking.md The most significant novelty here comes from TCP and UDP translation layers. In particular, the TCP state and translation logic follows the intent of being minimalistic, without reimplementing a full TCP stack in either direction, and synchronising as much as possible the TCP dynamic and flows between guest and host kernel. Another important introduction concerns addressing, port translation and forwarding. The Layer 4 implementations now attempt to bind on all unbound ports, in order to forward connections in a transparent way. While at it: - the qemu 'tap' back-end can't be used as-is by qrap anymore, because of explicit checks now introduced in qemu to ensure that the corresponding file descriptor is actually a tap device. For this reason, qrap now operates on a 'socket' back-end type, accounting for and building the additional header reporting frame length - provide a demo script that sets up namespaces, addresses and routes, and starts the daemon. A virtual machine started in the network namespace, wrapped by qrap, will now directly interface with passt and communicate using Layer 4 sockets provided by the host kernel. Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>